Analysis of thermal comfort in a football stadium designed for hot and humid climates by CFD

Qatar is hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In field of sports architecture, this a challenging case study for new design solutions that guarantee comfort and safety occupants in such hot humid climate. This work analyzes thermal stadium designed international competitions Doha, Qatar. The has total capacity 47,000 spectators. An external façade protects from exposure to wind sunlight, fresh air daylight enter through semi-open roof. conditioning system controls temperature humidity on each tier football pitch. Air nozzles upper tiers exploit buoyancy effect distribution cool air, thereby saving energy. A steady-state, multi-region conjugate heat transfer model simulates interaction between building environment using computational fluid dynamics. Six simulations are performed investigate different climatic conditions duty cycles system. All measure sensation stadium's sectors based predicted mean vote percentage persons dissatisfied. They also assess wet-bulb global (WBGT) pitch players, as required by guidelines. results reveal that, an up 48 °C relative 70%, guarantees neutrality, WBGT remains within limit. When cooling load reduced approximately 50%, most zones maintain risk stress players acceptable. Our research findings identify necessary ensure neutral sport architectures, even extreme climate with high occupants.